--- title: Pixcellence Blog | Clwyd Probert description: Clwyd Probert is the founder and editor of Pixcellence. He spent more than a decade as a professional photographer; in 2013 his studio photographed Hope 4 Apes at the Savoy, the Ape Alliance gala hosted by Sir David Attenborough and Brian May with Ian Redmond OBE, organised with charities including the Born Free Foundation. He continues to work with wildlife charities. Pixcellence is his effort to make UK biodiversity and climate evidence clear, sourced and accessible, illustrated in the tradition of Victorian natural history art. image: https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hubfs/a%20dystopian%20view%20of%20a%20world%20with%20no%20nature%20and%20steam%20punk%20technology%20and%20high%20pollution%20.jpg --- [![Pixcellence-Logo-CLR-Sidelock](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hs-fs/hubfs/Pixcellence-Logo-CLR-Sidelock.png?width=312&height=75&name=Pixcellence-Logo-CLR-Sidelock.png) ![Pixcellence-Logo-CLR-Sidelock](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hs-fs/hubfs/Pixcellence-Logo-CLR-Sidelock.png?width=312&height=75&name=Pixcellence-Logo-CLR-Sidelock.png)](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/) [![Pixcellence-Logo-CLR-Sidelock](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hs-fs/hubfs/Pixcellence-Logo-CLR-Sidelock.png?width=312&height=75&name=Pixcellence-Logo-CLR-Sidelock.png)](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/) - [Topics](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/#px-topics) - [Biodiversity](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/what-is-biodiversity) - [UK Ecosystems & Habitats](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/ecosystems-types-examples-uk-guide) - [Climate & Nature](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/climate-change-what-is-it-uk-guide) - [Wildlife & the Law](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/protected-species-uk-guide) - [For Students & Teachers](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/#px-students) - [About](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/#px-about) - [All Guides](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog) - [Topics](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/#px-topics) - [Topics](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/#px-topics) - [Biodiversity](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/what-is-biodiversity) - [UK Ecosystems & Habitats](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/ecosystems-types-examples-uk-guide) - [Climate & Nature](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/climate-change-what-is-it-uk-guide) - [Wildlife & the Law](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/protected-species-uk-guide) - [For Students & Teachers](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/#px-students) - [About](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/#px-about) - [All Guides](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog) [Pixcellence Blog](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog) Categories **Browse All Categories** - [biodiversity](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/biodiversity) - [conservation](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/conservation) - [definition](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/definition) - [climate change](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/climate-change) - [photography](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/photography) ![Clwyd Probert](https://app.hubspot.com/settings/avatar/ce454bc741a43a0578a9342cd3f99842) ## Clwyd Probert Clwyd Probert is the founder and editor of Pixcellence. He spent more than a decade as a professional photographer; in 2013 his studio photographed Hope 4 Apes at the Savoy, the Ape Alliance gala hosted by Sir David Attenborough and Brian May with Ian Redmond OBE, organised with charities including the Born Free Foundation. He continues to work with wildlife charities. Pixcellence is his effort to make UK biodiversity and climate evidence clear, sourced and accessible, illustrated in the tradition of Victorian natural history art. #### More from Clwyd Probert [![Watercolour of an English lowland landscape: oak woodland edge, flower-rich meadow with a brown hare, a flowering hawthorn hedgerow and a chalk stream with a kingfisher on a willow branch.](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/what-is-biodiversity-hero-20261023.webp?width=1000&name=what-is-biodiversity-hero-20261023.webp)](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/what-is-biodiversity) [biodiversity](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/biodiversity), [definition](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/definition) ### [What Is Biodiversity? Meaning, Types and UK Examples](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/what-is-biodiversity) ![Clwyd Probert](https://app.hubspot.com/settings/avatar/ce454bc741a43a0578a9342cd3f99842) By [Clwyd Probert](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/author/clwyd-probert) on October 23, 2026 Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, is the variety of all life on Earth: the differences within species, between species and between the ecosystems they form together. It covers everything ... [Read More](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/what-is-biodiversity) [![Watercolour UK landscape contrasting a thriving biodiverse meadow with butterflies and otters against a degraded monoculture field — illustrating the scale of UK biodiversity loss.](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/biodiversity-loss-hero-uk-contrast-20260513-115613.webp?width=1000&name=biodiversity-loss-hero-uk-contrast-20260513-115613.webp)](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/what-is-loss-of-biodiversity) [biodiversity](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/biodiversity), [definition](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/definition), [climate change](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/climate-change), [conservation](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/conservation) ### [What Is Biodiversity Loss? Meaning, UK Evidence and 12 Examples](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/what-is-loss-of-biodiversity) ![Clwyd Probert](https://app.hubspot.com/settings/avatar/ce454bc741a43a0578a9342cd3f99842) By [Clwyd Probert](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/author/clwyd-probert) on October 07, 2026 Biodiversity loss is the decline in the variety of life — fewer genes within species, fewer species, and fewer healthy ecosystems — whether locally, nationally or worldwide. In the UK it is ... [Read More](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/what-is-loss-of-biodiversity) [![Thorburn-style watercolour of a clear English chalk stream with a brown trout, water crowfoot and a kingfisher](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/chalk-streams-uk-hero.webp?width=1000&name=chalk-streams-uk-hero.webp)](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/chalk-streams-uk-freshwater-ecosystem) [biodiversity](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/biodiversity), [climate change](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/climate-change), [conservation](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/conservation) ### [Chalk Streams: The UK's Globally Rare Freshwater Ecosystem (2026)](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/chalk-streams-uk-freshwater-ecosystem) ![Clwyd Probert](https://app.hubspot.com/settings/avatar/ce454bc741a43a0578a9342cd3f99842) By [Clwyd Probert](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/author/clwyd-probert) on June 19, 2026 Chalk streams are one of the rarest river habitats on Earth — only around 200 exist worldwide, and roughly 85% of them flow through England. Fed by groundwater filtered slowly through chalk aquifers, ... [Read More](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/chalk-streams-uk-freshwater-ecosystem) [![Herring gull perched on coastal cliff edge, painted in Victorian watercolour style](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/are-seagulls-protected-uk-hero-hero-1.webp?width=1000&name=are-seagulls-protected-uk-hero-hero-1.webp)](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/are-seagulls-protected-uk-law-guide) [biodiversity](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/biodiversity), [conservation](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/conservation) ### [Are Seagulls Protected? UK Law Explained](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/are-seagulls-protected-uk-law-guide) ![Clwyd Probert](https://app.hubspot.com/settings/avatar/ce454bc741a43a0578a9342cd3f99842) By [Clwyd Probert](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/author/clwyd-probert) on May 05, 2026 Are Seagulls Protected in the UK? Yes — all gulls in the United Kingdom are fully protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. This means it is illegal to kill, injure, or take any wild ... [Read More](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/are-seagulls-protected-uk-law-guide) [![Pencil-crayon illustration of a sealed glass terrarium containing mosses, ferns and small plants with visible condensation and layered substrate](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/mini-ecosystems-build-your-own-hero-hero-1.webp?width=1000&name=mini-ecosystems-build-your-own-hero-hero-1.webp)](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/mini-ecosystems-build-your-own-guide) [biodiversity](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/biodiversity), [conservation](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/conservation) ### [Mini Ecosystems: How to Build Your Own Self-Sustaining Terrarium](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/mini-ecosystems-build-your-own-guide) ![Clwyd Probert](https://app.hubspot.com/settings/avatar/ce454bc741a43a0578a9342cd3f99842) By [Clwyd Probert](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/author/clwyd-probert) on May 05, 2026 Key Takeaway A mini ecosystem is a self-sustaining habitat built inside a glass container, where photosynthesis, water cycling, and decomposition operate exactly as they do in nature. David Latimer's ... [Read More](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/mini-ecosystems-build-your-own-guide) [![Panoramic pencil-crayon illustration of British countryside biodiversity with wildflower meadow, hedgerow and woodland under a spring sky](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/why-biodiversity-matters-hero-hero-1.webp?width=1000&name=why-biodiversity-matters-hero-hero-1.webp)](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/why-biodiversity-matters-importance-guide) [biodiversity](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/biodiversity), [conservation](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/conservation) ### [Why Biodiversity Matters: The Foundation of Life, Health and Economic Prosperity](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/why-biodiversity-matters-importance-guide) ![Clwyd Probert](https://app.hubspot.com/settings/avatar/ce454bc741a43a0578a9342cd3f99842) By [Clwyd Probert](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/author/clwyd-probert) on May 02, 2026 Key Takeaway Biodiversity underpins over half of global GDP — approximately USD 44 trillion of economic activity depends on nature's services. In the UK alone, natural capital is valued at £1.6 ... [Read More](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/why-biodiversity-matters-importance-guide) [![Vast Arctic tundra landscape with low-growing vegetation, scattered wildflowers, distant snow-capped mountains and a pale expansive sky](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/tundra-ecosystems-guide-hero-hero-1.webp?width=1000&name=tundra-ecosystems-guide-hero-hero-1.webp)](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tundra-ecosystems-complete-guide) [biodiversity](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/biodiversity), [conservation](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/conservation) ### [Tundra Ecosystems: A Complete Guide to Earth's Frozen Biome](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tundra-ecosystems-complete-guide) ![Clwyd Probert](https://app.hubspot.com/settings/avatar/ce454bc741a43a0578a9342cd3f99842) By [Clwyd Probert](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/author/clwyd-probert) on May 02, 2026 Key Takeaway Tundra ecosystems are Earth's coldest biomes, covering approximately 10% of the planet's land surface across Arctic regions and high mountain ranges worldwide. Defined by treeless ... [Read More](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tundra-ecosystems-complete-guide) [![Planning surveyor and ecologist examining wildflower meadow habitat on an English countryside development site](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/statutory-biodiversity-metric-hero-hero-1.webp?width=1000&name=statutory-biodiversity-metric-hero-hero-1.webp)](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/statutory-biodiversity-metric-explained-guide) [biodiversity](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/biodiversity), [conservation](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/conservation) ### [Statutory Biodiversity Metric Explained: How England Measures Net Gain](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/statutory-biodiversity-metric-explained-guide) ![Clwyd Probert](https://app.hubspot.com/settings/avatar/ce454bc741a43a0578a9342cd3f99842) By [Clwyd Probert](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/author/clwyd-probert) on May 02, 2026 Key Takeaway The statutory biodiversity metric is DEFRA's standardised calculation tool that measures how development affects habitats in England. Since February 2024, all major developments must ... [Read More](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/statutory-biodiversity-metric-explained-guide) [![Aerial view of the Amazon rainforest canopy with a river winding through dense tropical forest](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/brazil-rainforest-deforestation-hero-hero-1.webp?width=1000&name=brazil-rainforest-deforestation-hero-hero-1.webp)](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/brazil-rainforest-deforestation-causes-impacts-guide) [biodiversity](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/biodiversity), [conservation](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/conservation) ### [Brazil Rainforest Deforestation: Causes, Impacts and What the UK Can Do](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/brazil-rainforest-deforestation-causes-impacts-guide) ![Clwyd Probert](https://app.hubspot.com/settings/avatar/ce454bc741a43a0578a9342cd3f99842) By [Clwyd Probert](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/author/clwyd-probert) on May 02, 2026 Key Takeaway Brazil's Amazon rainforest lost 5,796 km² in the year ending July 2025 — the lowest rate in eleven years — yet the forest remains perilously close to a tipping point at 20–25% cumulative ... [Read More](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/brazil-rainforest-deforestation-causes-impacts-guide) [![Protected species in the UK — wildlife conservation guide](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/protected-species-uk-hero-hero-1.webp?width=1000&name=protected-species-uk-hero-hero-1.webp)](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/protected-species-uk-guide) [biodiversity](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/biodiversity), [conservation](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/tag/conservation) ### [Protected Species in the UK: Laws, Wildlife & Conservation Guide](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/protected-species-uk-guide) ![Clwyd Probert](https://app.hubspot.com/settings/avatar/ce454bc741a43a0578a9342cd3f99842) By [Clwyd Probert](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/author/clwyd-probert) on May 02, 2026 Key Takeaway The UK protects over 2,890 priority species through a multi-layered legal framework anchored by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. Yet only 2% of wildlife crime incidents resulted in ... [Read More](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/protected-species-uk-guide) [All posts](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/all) [Next](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog/author/clwyd-probert/page/2) ![Pixcellence-Logo-CLR-Sidelock](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/hs-fs/hubfs/Pixcellence-Logo-CLR-Sidelock.png?width=251&height=75&name=Pixcellence-Logo-CLR-Sidelock.png) - [Topics](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/#px-topics) - [For Students & Teachers](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/#px-students) - [About](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/#px-about) - [All Guides](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/blog) ©2026 Pixcellence, Inc. All rights reserved. [Privacy Policy](https://www.pixcellence.co.uk/privacy-policy)